RelationNetMIEI30LUP0
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: Miriam (Aizenshtein)Eiger
Students: Daniel Shkolnik, Nave Kimhi and Itamar Levin
052-5513035, 050-9121210, 050-5365973
Monday, December 16, 2013
Family Name: (Aizenshtein)Eiger
First Name:Miriam
Father;s Name: Israel
Mother's Name: Hava Aizenshtein
Sister's Name: Nyota
Date of Birth:October 15th,1930
Country of Birth:Poland
City of Birth
In the Treaty of Versailles after World War I , Poland had received the former German provinces of West Prussia , Poznan , and Upper Silesia .
After Hitler came to power and took Austria and Czechoslovakia , Britain and France
Hitler responded by negotiating a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union in August 1939.
It stated that Poland was to be partitioned between the two powers, enabling Germany to attack Poland
The Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland along the Bug River on September 17, 1939 opening the Soviet border to those Jews wishing to leave German occupied Poland
In October 1939, Germany directly annexed those former Polish territories The remainder of German-occupied Poland (including the cities of Warsaw , Krakow, Radom , and Lublin
Nazi Germany occupied the remainder of Poland when it invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Poland
These steps led to millions of Jews finding themselves under Nazi control and having to obey all anti-Jewish laws and eventually the extermination of millions of Polish Jews.
Following the Final Solution, deportations of Jews to the Soviet occupation zone started at the beginning of the war and were stopped only in January 1940 at the request of the Soviets.
The Soviets tried to solve the refugees' problem by deporting them to Siberia . The exile operation was conducted on June and early July 1940.
Prisoners and deportees were sent to the vastness of Siberia , Northern European Russia and Kazistan.
Way of the Agony began when the exile teams appeared in the deportees' houses. Those who were exiled in the winter were hit by the cold, and those who were exiled in the summer suffered from the heat.
Deportees from the villages were put on open wagons and were taken to the railway stations from where they began the long journey. Deportees from major cities were put on trucks.
At the railway stations 60-70 of them were packed in cars which could hold only 30 people.
It was very crowded and the air was stuffy. They received no food or drink and many of them found their deaths. On one of the trains which arrived to Siberia not even one of the children stayed alive till the end of the journey.
After two to three weeks on the train many of the exiles were driven to further distances on trucks and wagons and many of them were forced to walk. About 10% died on the way.
The exiles arrived to the concentration camps which were scattered across the north European and Asian sides of the Soviet Union and when existing camps were full, prisoners were brought to uninhabited places where they had to set up new camps themselves.
Ludvipol
Brief History - Poland Poland Poland Ukraine and Northern Belarus . A few of the major cities and towns in the area are Zhitomir (the former capital), Rovno , Lutsk
The survivor's story:
Miriam was born in October 15th,1930 in Ludvipool- Poland
Her birth name was Mania Aizenshtein and later on she changed it to Miriam.
Her parents' name is Hava and Israel Aizenshtein. She had one little sister named Niota two years younger then her. At home she spoke Polish but she also speaks Hebrew, Yiddish, Russian, Ukrainian, Italian and German.
Before the war
Ludvipool was a small Polish town mostly populated by Jewish people under Russian rule. The Jewish community in the town wasn’t traditional but there were a few synagogues. The local population was Polish and Ukrainian. Relation between the locals and the Jewish was tense because the Jews enjoyed socio-economic position. The Ukrainians were jealous and envied the higher amount of money that the Jews had so they called them "Jedik" an anti-Semitic reasons. The Jews didn’t like the "Goyim" that sometimes even robed them.
Miriam lived in a house with her mother, a believer, and her younger sister. Her' father was drafted into the Red army when she was a child.
The family had a dairy barn with two cows and a chicken.
Miriam and her mother lighted candles every Sabbat.
She learned in a Jewish school named "Tarbot" where she learned to speak Hebrew.
During the war
Slightly before the Germans invaded to Ludvipool in 1941 the Russians recommended to the Jewish people to move East Russia .
Miriam's uncle had a carriage so he picked Miriam, her mother and sister with 15 other people including her cousin Sara Lorman. Together they all started their journey to Russia
On the carriage there was no room for all of them so each time only few people set on it and the rest had to walk. There even was a pregnant woman who had to sit on the carriage so Miriam and her family barley used the carriage. They didn't take a train because they were exposed for bombing.
When they reached to Siberia Miriam, her mother, sister, cousin and uncle split up from the rest of the group and looked for a shelter. In the beginning they slept in a "Kulhoz"- private farms that the Russians permitted to stay in. But it was outside, the nights were freezing and the small amount of food they got from the Russians wasn't enough. Few nights the only thing that kept her warm was lice.
When they almost died from the lake of food and the hard weather, Miriam's mother- Hava prayed for god and didn't stop believe he exists.
While they spent time in Russia Siberia . Luckily after a while they reached to Siberia a Siberians family welcomed them maybe because the government made them or maybe from their own kindness.
They stayed in Siberia until the end of the war at 1945 and lived only from the food that the family gave them and a small amount of flour the Siberian government gave them.
After the war
When the war ends in 1945 Miriam and her family wanted to come to Israel but her mother wanted to wait until the declare of Israel Poland by train that the polish government sent to the Jewish that lived in Poland before the war but nothing left from ludvipool so they decided to continue their way to Germany Germany for one year and then moved to Italy for one year there she was guidance in a youth movement until Israel Israel
Her mother, her sister and her husband died from cancer. Her cousin Sarah lived with her in the "migdalei hayam hatichon".
The picture was taken in Ludvipool in Poland
After the war On the left side Miriam and on the right side her sister Nyota
The picture was taken in Ludvipool in Poland
